The Five Domains Model

The Five Domains Model is an internationally recognised framework for assessing animal welfare. It provides a structured approach to evaluating physical, functional, and mental states across four physical and functional domains—Nutrition (Domain 1), Physical Environment (Domain 2), Health (Domain 3), and Behavioural Interactions (Domain 4)—and one mental experience domain, Mental State (Domain 5). 

Mellor, D. J., Beausoleil, N. J., Littlewood, K. E., McLean, A. N., McGreevy, P. D., Jones, B., & Wilkins, C. (2020). The 2020 Five Domains Model: Including human–animal interactions in assessments of animal welfare. Animals, 10(10), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101870

It is used by welfare scientists, veterinary professionals, researchers, regulatory bodies, and organisations working across species and sectors worldwide.

In development

Resources covering the application of the Five Domains Model in clinical practice, research, education, and organisational welfare assessment are in development. This site will expand through 2026.